You'll find plenty of good analysis on the US$ FX forecast, some foresights on the Brazilian Real but nearly no strategic analysis on the South African Rand FX.
The South African rand is hitting a historical low for the past 10 years. Only in december 2001 it reached a dipping point which is equivalent to the current rate.
Gold is hitting historical highs, while all Central Banks are lowering their interest rates, South Africa is keeping it's interest rate at a 14,5% high. Actually, if you plot the South African prime rate against the Brazilian SELIC for the last 2 years, you would have a completely opposite trend. Despite this high South African prime rate and gold prices, the South African Rand is plumetting.
Why?
When I was visiting South Africa last July I was reading on the first signals of the enormous problems Eskom, the South African electricity company, was about to face. My South African contacts minimalised the problems; Eskom was already remedying the problems with new electricity plants. I was sceptical and rightly so. One of the main reasons why the South African Rand is plumetting is the current energy crisis. And a crisis it is ! South Africa already had problems with a very negative account and with the current electricity crisis shaving away more than 1% of the GDP, South Africa is now needing around 3 billian South African Rand a week in equity and bond inflows to finance the deficit on its current account.
The current account deficit now widened in Q3 2007 to a massive 8,1% of gross domestic product, the most since the beginning of 1982.
Without the benchmark interest rate of 14,5% the South African Reserve Bank is now offering, inflation would reach double digit figures. CPIX inflation is now at 8,6%.
The current energy crisis is absolutely unseen. Google Trends results says it all.
Let's draw a comparison between the BRL and ZAR compared to the EU. The Brazilian story is quite transparant to explain:
- Late 2000 Brazil was impacted by the Argentinian crisis (and so was South Africa, all emerging markets were impacted)
- Brazil's recovery early 2003 was only short lived. Peole eventually feared Brazil might collapse as Argentina did
- The IMF loan of August 2002 stablised the situation; yet, uncertainty over newly voted president Lula's direction kept things down
- Early 2005 gloablly things are going well and comodities are skyrocketting
- Today: All IMF loans are paid back, Brazil is self sufficient in oil (and soon gas?) and became even a creditor. Most of Brazil's foreign reserves however are build up by foreign equities and only to a lesser extent of positive trade balances. If the US really crashes, an uncoupling scenario seems highly improbable. Yet, contrary to South Africa, Brazil is not impacted by the worldwide turndown. Even the Bovespa fully recovered from a serious dip in January.
So, where does this take us with the Souh African Rand in 2008 (and 2009)?
- There is a general agreement amongst analysts that the South African Rand will not recover in 2008.
- Worse, Le Roux of RMB bank estimates that the chance that the ZAR will further fall towards ZAR 9/US$ has a 25% change. The SAR is currently at 7,89 against the US$. So, a further plunge to 9 would equal the SAR trading at ZAR 13/EU.
I give the chance that the ZAR will further tumble to ZAR 13/EU a 60% chance and the scenario where it tumbles to ZAR 14/EU a 30% chance. From Q3 2008 on it's SA bargain time. Also South African exporting ventures will have cheerful years ahead. I also believe that the current energy crisis will have a long term (2010+) positive effect on South Africa. The country needed a shake-up, the energy policies needed fresh dynamics. Brazil only started building it's huge hydro's back in the 80s when the country was swamped with electricty problems. They however never had to do loadshedding, citizens only had a rationalisation scheme where their usage was caped to a certain amount of Kw a day.

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